Abstract

---

This study was conducted to assess acceptability of immunization among women of childbearing age in Taraba State, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, ex-post facto research design was used. A total sample of 400 women of child bearing age in Taraba state, Nigeria were selected from a population of 736,040 through multi-stage sampling procedures comprising of stratified sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling, and proportionate sampling techniques. The instrument used for the study was researcher developed close ended questionnaire. Out of the 400 copies of questionnaire distributed, 381 or 95.2% were retrieved and considered valid for analyses. Inferentialstatistics of one sample t-test was used to analyse the formulated hypothesis at 0.05probability level. The result revealed that acceptability of immunization by women of childbearing age in Taraba state is significant (p = 0.000). Based on the results, it was recommended that health educators should continue with outreaches programmes targeted at the communities so as to sustain the acceptance of immunization among women of childbearing age in Taraba state. This would also help to improve the acceptability of the vaccines as some do not complete the dosage as required.

Abstract

---

The study was carried out to assess the impact of role Conflict of board members on the development of National Sports Federations in Nigeria. A Survey research design was used to carry out the study. The population of the study comprised of forty two (42) registered National Sports Federations in Nigeria. It was estimated that the population of Board members is six hundred and thirty (630). Purposive and simple random sampling was used to select one hundred and forty seven (147) respondents. The instrument used was self-developed questionnaire prepared based on Likert 5 point scale of measurement: SA (Strongly Agree), A (Agreed), U (Undecided) D (Disagreed) and SD (Strongly Disagree) the items were coded 5,4,3,2 and 1 respectively. The instrument was Pilot tested and analysed using Cronbach's Alpha which was established at .748, Frequencies and percentages were used to analyse the demographic characteristic of respondents. Means and Standard deviation to answer research questions and chi – Square was used to test hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that There is significant impact between role conflict and Sports development in Nigeria (p = 0.000 <0.05). The study recommends that National Sports Federation executive Board members must be aware that role conflict exist so as to help to construct group boundaries and should also help them recognize their common interest – which is sports development, and not necessarily a rebellion

Abstract

---

Climate change poses significant threats to vulnerable communities, worsening poverty and negatively impacting health outcomes.This narrative review examines the intersection of climate change, poverty, and health outcomes in these communities. By synthesizing peer-reviewed literature and other reputable sources, this paper highlights the complex relationships and feedback loops between these factors.The findings indicate that climate change disproportionately affects impoverishedcommunities, leading to a range of adverse health outcomes. Additionally, poverty limits the ability of these communities to adapt to climate change, creating a vicious cycle of vulnerability. The review concludes with recommendations for policy interventions and strategies to mitigate these impacts.

Abstract

---

Oral health education plays a critical role in preventive dentistry, equipping students with essential knowledge, attitudes, and skills for maintaining optimal oral hygiene. Secondary school students are particularly susceptible to oral health risks due to lifestyle habits, limited access to dental care, and inadequate health literacy. Early interventions can instill positive lifelong oral health behaviours. A systematically review aimed at the effectiveness of oral health education programs in improving knowledge of oral hygiene among public senior secondary school students in Bichi Local Government Area, Kano State. A systematic appraisal of peer-reviewed studies, including randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and systematic reviews, was conducted. Eligible studies included school-based or community-based oral health education interventions targeting children, adolescents, or university students. Intervention approaches examined included classroom-based education, digital storytelling, augmented reality AR, teledentistry, supervised tooth brushing, parental and teacher involvement, and community water fluoridation. Data were extracted on study design, participants, intervention strategies, and knowledge outcomes. Evidence from multiple contexts—including Nigeria, India, Libya, Senegal, and other low- and middle-income countries—demonstrated significant improvements in students' oral health knowledge post-intervention, with reported mean score increases reaching statistical significance (p < 0.001). Digital storytelling (Adegbulugbe et al., 2023) and augmented reality (Gupta et al., 2021) enhanced knowledge retention, while tele-dentistry (Ogunbodede et al., 2020) effectively reached underserved communities. Systematic reviews (Nakre & Harikiran, 2013; Bramantoro et al., 2021; Gurav et al., 2022) confirmed consistent gains in knowledge and improvements in oral hygiene practices, plaque control, and caries reduction. Interventions integrating audiovisual aids, teacher/parent engagement, and supervised oral hygiene yielded the most sustainable outcomes. Oral health education programmes are effective in improving students' oral hygiene knowledge across diverse settings and delivery formats. The most impactful interventions are multimodal,community-supported, and embedded within school systems. Therefore, it was recommended that Policymakers and educators should prioritize sustained oral health education as part of comprehensive school health programmes, especially in resourcelimited regions.

Abstract

---

This study was on risky behaviours in sports and mitigating strategies for tertiary institution athletes in cross river state. The research question state that What is the spatial pattern of excessive alcohol consumption among tertiary institution athletes in Cross River State? The descriptive survey research design was used in the study. The population for this study comprised of 773 respondents; 20 experts (Academics in the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, UNN) and all the 753 student-athletes in public tertiary institutions in the state. The entire population of 773 respondents was used for the study. Completed copies of the questionnaire (PRBSQ) were checked for completeness of information, and from the 753 copies distributed to the student-athletes, 16 copies were not properly completed, therefore, 737 copies were analyzed. All statistical analyses were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The result shows that most of the tertiary institution athletes engaged in excessive alcohol consumption in the school premises or campus (40.2%) and places of residence/ hostels (31.9%). The results suggest that tertiary institution athletes consumed excessive alcohol in the school premises and hotels. The Chi Square test that was conducted to examine the difference in the spatial pattern of risk behaviours among tertiary institutions athletes based on age. There was a significant difference in the spatial pattern of alcohol 2 consumption among students- athletes by age, X (3) =8.791; p=0.032. Based on the findings of the study, it recommends that, school authorities should assist the studentathletes keep away from risk behaviours such as, excessive alcohol consumption and drug abuse, by ensuring that these substances are not sold within the school premises.

Abstract

---

The study assesses the effect of health education intervention programme on knowledge of premarital genotype screening among youths of Gwaram LGA of Jigawa State, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose quasi pre-test, post-test experimental design was used in this study as it compares a treatment with no-treatment condition. Participants are randomly assigned to either the treatment, or no-treatment group, and are measured or tested both before and after the health education intervention. The population for this study is 209,970 youths which is 45% of 466,600 population of Gwaram LGA, Jigawa, Nigeria. A sample size of one hundred and twenty (120) was selected as sample size for this study. A multi-stage sampling procedures involving stratified, simple random, purposive, proportionate and systematic sampling techniques were used to select participants for the study. A Descriptive statistic of frequencies and percentages, mean and standard deviation will be used to analyze the demographic characteristics of the respondents and research questions respectively. The hypothesis was tested using inferential statistics, one sample t-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed Effect on the knowledge of premarital genotype screening (t=2.133; p = 0.000), effect on the practice of premarital genotype screening (t= 2.988; p = 0.000), difference between experimental group and control group in knowledge of premarital genotype screening (t=3.022; p=0.000), difference between experimental group and control group in practice of premarital genotype screening (t=3.878; p = 0.000). Based on the findings of the study, the study concludes that Health education intervention programme on knowledge and practice of premarital genotype screening among youths is effective; There were significant difference in control and experimental group in knowledge and practice of premarital genotype screening before and after the health education intervention programme among youths; Based on the conclusion drawn, the following recommends were made: 1. Government: The government should establish and enforce policies that mandate premarital genotype screening as a requirement for marriage registration. 2. Ministry of Health: The Ministry of Health should conduct regular public awareness campaigns that educate communities about the importance of genotype screening and the potential risks of genetic incompatibility in marriage. 3. Community: Community leaders should partner with health institutions to organize regular genotype screening events and genetic education workshops.

Abstract

---

Nigeria faces significant poverty challenges exacerbated by regional disparities. In an attempt to shape Nigeria, this paper reviews the intersection of Human Kinetics and poverty alleviation in limiting its coverage Northern Nigeria. It emphasized the role of physical activity and sports in addressing socio-economic challenges. Human Kinetics. This review synthesizes existing literature on how physical activity and sport initiatives can contribute to economic development, health improvement, and social cohesion. It highlights case studies and empirical evidence demonstrating the positive impacts of such initiatives, and identifies key areas where Human Kinetics can play a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of life and economic opportunities in the region. The paper revealed that integrating Human Kinetics strategies into broader poverty reduction programs could yield substantial benefits for Northern Nigeria. This could be through developing partnerships between governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community groups can enhance resource mobilization and program implementation. It was concluded Human Kinetics, encompassing both usual and intentional physical activities, offers a range of benefits that extend beyond mere health improvements to economic development. Regular engagement in physical activities, including walking, cycling, and sports, can enhance overall well-being, boost productivity, and foster economic stability. It was therefore recommended that adoption of physical activities as part of poverty alleviation efforts can yield significant positive outcomes by reducing transportation costs, lower healthcare expenses, and improve work capacity, thereby contributing to economic stability and poverty reduction.

Abstract

---

This study assessed the effects of eight (8) weeks Cardio Exercise on forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of overweight male adolescents in Yadin Garun Kurama, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Twenty eight (28) male adolescents were selected from the total population of 87 students. The participants were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria 2 2 which included BMI between 25.0 kg/m and 29.9kg/m , male adolescents whose ages were between 10 and 13 years old and had no underlying health risk factors that will aggravate their participation in the training programme. Anthropometric and pulmonaryth measurements were taken at baseline and after the 8 week of training that is post-test. Quasi-experimental research design was used for this study. The Spiro bank G device by MIR, Roma, Italy was used to measure the force expiratory volume. Borg's rating scale was used to monitor the perceived intensity of the training programme. Data were analysed using SPSS software (version 21). The descriptive statistics of means, standard deviation, and standard error of means were used to analyze the physical characteristics (age, weight, height, and BMI) and raw data of the variables. t-test was used to analyze the effect of the training programme on the variables. An alpha level of 0.05 was used for all statistical analyses. The results of the study showed significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (19.01%) following eight weeks of jogging. It was recommended that adolescents should be encouraged to participate in regular jogging to improve and maintain a normal forced expiratory volume in one-second function.

Abstract

---

The study examined the effects of health education intervention programme on utilization of preventive strategies against sexual violence among female adolescent students in Sabon Gari, Kaduna State Nigeria. The study employed Quasi-experimental research design. The population of the study comprised adolescent female students in Sabon Gari local government in Kaduna State which are 19,369. Two purposes, research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A multi-stage sampling technique comprising stratified, purposive, simple random convenient and proportionate sampling techniques was used in selecting 200 female adolescent students in public secondary schools in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) copies of the researcher-developed questionnaire were distributed using convenient sampling technique. Data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) IBM version 26. Frequency and simple percentages were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the respondents, while mean and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions. Inferential statistics of two-sample test was used to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant utilization of preventive strategies against sexual violence among female adolescent students in experimental and control groups at baseline before exposure to health education intervention programme (p = 0.139); there is significant utilization of preventive strategies against sexual violence among female adolescent students in public secondary schools in Sabon Gari, Kaduna State, Nigeria after exposure to health education intervention programme (p = 0.000). It was concluded that Female adolescent students in public secondary schools in Sabon Gari, Kaduna State, Nigeria did not utilize preventive strategies against sexual violence before exposure to health education intervention. It was recommended that the Kaduna State Ministry of Education should enact a law or policy to incorporate sexual violence preventive strategies within the curriculum of health education in secondary education curriculum so as to educate the entire secondary school students' population invariably bringing about reduction in the cases across the nation.

Abstract

---

Emotional health plays a crucial role in the overall well-being and academic success of undergraduates. This study assessed the emotional health challenges faced by undergraduates at Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Kaduna State. The research raised one research question and formulate one hypothesis, tested using Chi-square. A mixed-method approach was adopted, utilizing surveys and interviews to gather data from students across various faculties. The findings revealed significant stress, anxiety, depression, and social isolation among the students, as significant challenges (P= 0.000 <0.05). The study concluded that emotional health challenges are stress, anxiety, dippression and social isolation for undergraduate students at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Key issues such as academic pressure, financial difficulties, social isolation, and inadequate emotional support can contribute to mild stress, anxiety, and depression among the students. It was recommended that Ahmadu Bello University should establish a comprehensive mental health support system, including readily accessible counseling services, stress management workshops, and peer support programs. Additionally, financial assistance initiatives, such as scholarships and emergency relief funds, should be strengthened to alleviate the financial burdens that contribute to students' emotional distress.

Abstract

---

The study was carried out to assess the impact of Role Ambiguity of board members on the development of National Sports Federations in Nigeria. A Survey research design was used to carry out the study. The population of the study comprised forty two (42) registered National Sports Federations in Nigeria. The population of the study was six hundred and thirty (630). Purposive and simple random sampling was used to select the one hundred and forty seven (147) respondents used in the study. The instrument used was self-developed questionnaire prepared based on Likert 5 point scale of measurement: SA (Strongly Agree), A(Agreed), U (Undecided) D (Disagreed) and SD (Strongly Disagree) the items were coded 5,4,3,2 and 1 respectively. The instrument used was subject to Pilot testing, in order to examine its reliability. Data collected was analysed using Cronbach's Alpha, the result shows that the instrument has a coefficient of 0.748. Frequencies and percentages was used to analyse the demographic characteristic of respondents. Means and Standard deviation for research questions and chi – Square test of hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there is significant impact of role ambiguity of board members on the development of National sports Federation in Nigeria. (p = 0.000 < 0.05). There is significant impact of role ambiguity among executive members of sports Federations on the development of sports in Nigeria. (p = 0.000 <0.05). The study, recommends that National Sports Federation's Board members must recognize that role ambiguity arises when there is lack of clarity regarding assigned jobs, responsibilities, expectations or the scope of the assigned roles. To prevent decreased job performance, confusion and reduced productivity, it is crucial to clearly define tasks for board members ensuring better productivity and effectiveness.

Abstract

---

Climate change presents a growing threat to public health, particularly through its impact on infectious diseases. As global temperatures rise, patterns of disease transmission are shifting, creating new challenges for public health systems worldwide. This review examines the intersection of climate change, infectious diseases, and public health preparedness, proposing strategies for building resilience against these threats. By synthesizing peer-reviewed literature and current research, this paper highlights key vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies to enhance public health preparedness in the face of climate change.

Abstract

---

This study investigated the effects of a structured 12-week jogging programme on skillrelated physical fitness components (power, agility, and speed) among senior secondary school students in Safana Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria. Using a randomised controlled trial design, 50 participants aged 15-21 years were purposively selected from 569 students across two schools: Community Day Secondary School (experimental group, n=25) and Government Pilot Secondary School (control group, n=25). The experimental group participated in structured jogging while the control group maintained regular activities. Outcome measures included vertical jump test for power, Illinois agility run test for agility, and 30-meter sprint test for speed. Data analysis using ANCOVA at α = 0.05 revealed significant improvements favouring the experimental group: power (F(1,49) = 12.92, p = 0.001, partial η² = 0.216), agility (F(1,49) = 16.08, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.262), and speed (F(1,49) = 50.48, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.528). Posttest means favoured the experimental group in power (37.92 ± 6.71 vs. 31.36 ± 6.10 cm), agility (17.96 ± 1.25 vs. 18.92 ± 1.72 s), and speed (4.24 ± 0.16 vs. 5.41 ± 0.83 s). The study concludes that structured jogging interventions significantly enhance skill-related physical fitness components in Nigerian secondary school students, with speed demonstrating the most pronounced improvement. The study recommends integrating structured jogging programmes into school curricula, training physical education teachers in programme design and monitoring, and conducting longitudinal research to assess long-term sustainability and academic performance relationships.

Abstract

---

This study investigated the impact of systematic desensitization and rational emotive behavour Techniques in the management of competitive anxiety among football players in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. Three groups of players consisting of Control, Experimental I (Rational emotive technique) and Experimental II (Systematic Desensitization) were selected. The average age of players involved in the was 25.34 with a standard deviation of 5.235 years. The experimental group A were exposed to use of systematic desensitization treatment, while experimental group B was treated with Rational emotive behaviour technique. The control group was not exposed to either of the behaviour management techniques. The instruments used was adapted from Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) by Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump and Smith (1990). Measured opinions were based on a four-point scale with a midpoint of 2.50 as the benchmark. Data collected were analysed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), IBM version 26. Statistics used included descriptive statistics of means and standard deviations. Result revealed that systematic desensitization and rational emotive for behavour management techniques could significantly reduce competitive anxiety among football players. The study did not find such behavioural adjustment among players in the control group who were not expose to either of the behavour management techniques. It is therefore recommended that either systematic desensitization and rational emotive techniques could always be used to build players confidence before major competitions in the state.

Abstract

---

This study was conducted to assess the effect of jogging on body mass index of female adults with body image problem in Chindit Cantonment, Zaria, Nigeria. The anthropometric measurement collected was Body Mass Index (BMI) among female adults. Atotal of 40 female adults with mean age of 25.6 and BMI between 25.0 – 229.9kg/m who served as sample for this study were randomly assigned into posttest (n=20) and pretest group (n=20), the posttest group went through training programme on three alternate days a week for 8 weeks. Jogging duration and intensities were increased at three weeks interval from 25, 30 to 40 minutes at 40%, 60% and 70% HRmax. The data were subjective to descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyse the data. Decisions to reject or retain the null hypotheses were at 0.05 alpha levels. The results of the study showed significant reduction of BMI from the baseline value to the eighth week of training (p=0.001). The study found significant effect of the training program on BMI and recommends the role of optimizing the efficiency of body image, jogging for eight weeks, thrice per week at moderate to high intensity levels cannot be overemphasized as it positively altered body mass index (BMI) of female adults in Chindit Cantonment Zaria.

Abstract

---

Drug abuse among college students poses significant challenges not only to public health but also to their economic well-being. This study investigated the impact of an eight-week health education intervention aimed at reducing substance abuse and its subsequent effects on students' economic outcomes at the University of Maiduguri. While previous research indicated that substance use prevention programmes can decrease drug consumption, their influence on immediate economic factors such as academic performance, attendance, and earning potential remains uncertain. Using a repeated measures design, data collected at baseline, mid-intervention (week 4), and postintervention (week 8) from 28 male students revealed significant improvements in economic well-being (F(2, 76) = 8.632, p < 0.01). Specifically, the mean economic scores increased from 45.2 at baseline to 48.4 at week 4, and further to 50.7 at week 8, representing a 12.2% overall increase. Post hoc analysis confirmed that these gains were statistically significant, particularly between weeks 1 and 8 (p = 0.001). These findings suggest that targeted health education programmes can contribute to short-term economic benefits by improving academic engagement and reducing substance-related disruptions, thereby enhancing students' future earning potential and financial resilience. The study underscores the importance of integrating health education with broader economic support strategies to maximize benefits for students and educational institutions alike.

Abstract

---

Knowledge and Practice of Covid 19 Preventive measures among Primary Health Care workers of Kano State State. Three numbers of research questions were raised and Three numbers of sub hypotheses were tested. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all primary health care workers in Kano state which was estimated to be 20900 out of which 387 participants were used as sample of the study. Simple random sampling procedures were used to select participants from various institutions. A researcher developed a questionnaire that was used as an instrument for data collection. Online copies of questionnaires were administered by the researcher with the help of five numbers of research assistants sharing the link to various WhatsApp flatform. Frequency count and percentage was used to organise and describe the demographic information of the participants, while Chi square method will be used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The result reveals that there issignificant knowledge and practice of covid 19 preventative measures among workers of primary health care in Kano state.

Abstract

---

The purpose of this study was to assess the Effect of Rope Skipping on waist to hip ratio (WHR) Among Male Students of Demonstration Secondary School, FCE, Zaria, Kaduna State''. 25 selected participants undergoing a secondary education at Demonstration Secondary School Federal College of Education Zaria, Kaduna State were used for the study. They were 12 to 15 years old. All the participants selected satisfied the inclusion criteria and participated in rope skipping for 8 weeks. Data was taken at the baseline (0- th week), 4 -week, and 8-week. The exercise session was conducted between the hours of 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at the statistically significant level P<0.05. The results of the study revealed that rope skipping significantly reduced Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), at (P=.001 < 0.05) of male students of Demonstration Secondary School FCE Zaria. Based on these results, it was concluded that 8-week rope skipping had a significant effect in reducing waist to hip ratio of male students of Demonstration Secondary School FCE Zaria that were involved in the exercise. In conclusion, the study recommended that rope skipping exercise should be used as an alternative method in reducing Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of male students of Demonstration Secondary School FCE Zaria.

Abstract

---

This study assess the community based organizations on provision and sensitization towards childhood diseases prevention among mothers of under-five children in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Two (2) research questions and two (2) hypotheses were developed and tested in this study. Descriptive design of survey type was used for this study. The population of the study area was 9,032,200, mothers of under-five children in Kaduna State. Multistage sampling technique was used in this study to select a sample of 400 respondents from 23 Local Government of Kaduna State. Multi-stage sampling procedure selection of the respondents as follows: Stage 1: Cluster sampling technique was used to adopt the three (3) existing senatorial zones namely: Kaduna central, Kaduna north and Kaduna south. Stage 2: Simple random sampling technique was used to select 3LGAs from 7 LGAs of Kaduna central, 3 LGAs from 8 LGAs of Kaduna north and 3 LGAs from 8 LGAs of Kaduna South. The researchers used self-developed questionnaire to collect data for the study. Descriptive statistic of frequency count and percentage were used to organize and describe the demographic information of the respondents and chisquare was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. “The findings of the study revealed that, Community Based-Organization provided roles toward childhood killer diseases disease prevention. through provision of immunization services 2 2 (x =67.368, df=1,P <0.5 ); sensitization of immunization services (x =194.695, df=1,P <0.5 ). Based on the finding of the study, it was concluded that: CBOs contribute in the provision of immunization services in the prevention of childhood diseases in Kaduna State. CBOs contribute in the sensitization on immunization services in the prevention of childhood diseases in Kaduna State.Recommendations, based on the finding of the study, it was recommended that: Government, non-governmental organizations and communityshould encourage CBOs to improve their services on provision of immunization services towards prevention of childhood diseases in Kaduna State. Government, nongovernmental organizations and community should encourage CBOs to improve their services on sensitization of immunization services towards prevention of childhood diseases in Kaduna State.

Abstract

---

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between student-athletes team cohesion and sports performance in Universities in the North - East Zone Nigeria. Two objectives were set which leads to formulating research questions. The design of the study was correlational design. Similarly, a null hypothesis was tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The population for the study comprised 13 Universities in the North - East Zone Nigeria, 1170 student-athletes. A convenience sampling technique was used to select 3 Federal Universities and 270 student-athletes out of which 162 were males and 108 were females . Purposive sampling technique was used to select the three (3) Universities (Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Modibbo Adama University Yola, and University of Maiduguri). The instruments used to collect data were Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) has 24 items which was adopted from Manning (2008), with the response mode of Not at all=1; Confidence=2; and Extreme Confidence= 3, and Sports Performance Questionnaire (SPQ) which used four points Likert scale response mode of Strongly Agree=4 points; Agree=3 points; Disagree=2 points; and Strongly Disagree= 1 point. The reliability of the instruments were .83 and .75 respectively. Descriptive statistics of mean and Standard deviation was used to answer the two research questions. Inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ( r ) was used. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ( r ) tested the only hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between student-athletes' team cohesion and sports performance, which showed that students - athletes were related to sport performance. Based on the findings the following recommendations were drawn that Coaches should help train student -athletes develop a high sense of team cohesion especially during training sessions and sports competition. Moreso the study recommends that States Directors of Sports should liars with the Mobile Network Providers in their domain to help sponsor sports competitions in their variousstates. Based on the findings of the study it was concluded that student-athletes demonstrated positive team cohesion which apparently facilitated their performances.

Abstract

---

This study assessed the level of cooperation between Secondary School and State Sport Council in staging Intramural Sport Competition in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used for this study. The population of the study comprise the management and staff of public Secondary Schools and the personnel of the State Sports Council in Nasarawa State totalling seven hundred and twenty-six (726). 300 respondents were selected using stratified and systematic sampling procedures and were issued the questionnaire. Two hundred and seventy- three (273) questionnaire were returned, upon which the data analysis was conducted. The data was analysed using Mean and Standard deviation to answer the research questions while Chi-Square was used to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the level of cooperation between the Secondary Schools and State Sports Council on provision of funds for intramural sports competition in the State was significant. The observed Chi- Square value for the test was 76.724 with a p-value of 0.000 (p< 0.05) obtained at df =12. Also the level of cooperation between secondary schools and State Sports Council on formulation of policy for staging intramural sports competition in Nasarawa State was statistically significant. This is because observed Chi-Square value of 70.329 obtained at df =12 and a p-value of 0.000 (P< 0.05). It is therefore concluded that there is high level of cooperation between Secondary Schools and State Sports Council on funding for intramural Sports competitions in Nasarawa State. Also the cooperation between Secondary Schools and State Sports Council on policy formulation for staging of intramural Sports competitions in Nasarawa State is cordial. This paper recommends that there is need for improvement in the level of funding for intramural Sports competitions among schools in the State and that Secondary School personnel should be given more opportunity to take part in the formulation of policy for intramural Sports competitions in Nasarawa State since they are at the implementation stage of such policies.

Abstract

---

The purpose of the study was to assess the practice of premarital genotype screening for sickle cell disease among university students in North-West zone, Nigeria. The study used a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised of 70,530 undergraduate students in the ten Federal universities of North-West zone, Nigeria. The researcher sampled 572 students through multi-stage sampling techniques, which comprised of cluster, simple random and proportionate sampling techniques. A researcher-developed close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. 534 (93%) copies of the administered questionnaire were used for data analysis because 38(7%) were not duly filled by the respondents and as such they were considered invalid. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the respondents and to answer the research question, means and standard deviations were used. Inferential statistics of one sample t-test was used to analyze the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. Finding of the study revealed that the respondents do not significantly practice premarital genotype screening for sickle cell disease (mean = 2.49 and P = 0.707). Based on the finding of the study, the researcher concluded that university students in North-West zone, Nigeria do not practice premarital genotype screening for sickle cell disease. The researcher recommended thatthe university managements in North-West zone, Nigeria should make genotype screening a requirement for admission of students and also the need for health personnel in university health services in North- West zone, Nigeria to include counselling on premarital genotype screening for sickle cell disease as one of their programmes.

Abstract

---

The study was conducted to assessed the practice of malaria prevention among Junior Secondary School Students in Kaduna State, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, ex-post facto research design was used. A total sample of 450 of junior secondary school students in Kaduna State from the population of 158,274 was selected through multi-stage sampling procedures of simple random sampling, proportionate and systematic sampling techniques. The instrument used for the study was the researcher's structured questionnaire. Out of the 450 copies of the questionnaire distributed, 441 were valid for analyses. Inferential statistics of one sample t-test was used to test the formulated hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that the practice of malaria prevention among Junior Secondary School Students in Kaduna State is not significant (p = 0.7). Based on the results it was concl that, the practice of malaria prevention among Junior Secondary School Students in Kaduna State is not good. It was therefore recommended that non-governmental organisations in collaboration with the ministry of health should conduct student workshop or symposiums in schools so as to help in encouraging and correcting poor practices of malaria prevention into good and healthful ones among junior secondary school students in the state.

Abstract

---

Sports are very popular all over the world because of the diverse purposes they serve. Sports serve as a social institution teaches and reinforces societal beliefs, norms and values, thereby assisting in socializing athletes into major cultural and social behavior patterns in various societies. This paper focused on challenges of secondary school physical education and sports in Nigeria: implications for government obligations. It discussed the sustainable future directions for physical education and sports in schools, situation of physical education in secondary schools, governmental obligations towards sports, finally the paper concluded that all personnel who assume professional responsibility for sport must have and be provided with appropriate qualification and training. The paper further recommended that all secondary school sports personnel should be carefully selected in sufficient numbers and given preliminary as well as further training to ensure that they reach adequate levels of specializations.

Abstract

---

This study assessed the effect of step aerobics on triglyceride level of overweight female adolescents in Gindiri, Plateau state, Nigeria. One group repeated measure experimental research design was used. Sixteen (16) overweight female adolescents who were between the ages of 14 and16 years volunteered to participate in the study. The participants were subjected to 8-week step aerobics performed three times a week on alternate days. The training intensity was maintained at between 45% and 50% of heart rate reserve (HRR) and 50% to 55% HRR at the first 4 weeks and 5th – 8th week respectively. The Borg's rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was used to monitor the rate of exertion throughout the training period. The enzymatic colorimetric method was used to measure the concentration of triglyceride in fasting serum of the participants. Triglyceride concentration was measured at baseline, immediately after the 4th week and 8th week respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the demographic data of the participant. Repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. The result of the study revealed significant decrease in triglyceride level of the participants due to 8-week step aerobics (p - 0.000). It was concluded that moderate intensity step aerobics performed at 45% -55% HRR three times a week on alternate days for a period of 8 weeks had significant effect on triglyceride level of overweight female adolescents in Gindiri, Plateau State, Nigeria. It was recommended that overweight female adolescents should be involved in regular step aerobics to achieve desirable weight overtime and enjoy greater protection from cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract

---

The study looked into how group-based jogging changed centripetal fat and anthropometric index among adolescent students in Zing, Taraba State, Nigeria. A onegroup pretest/post-test design was adopted for this study. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select 30 adolescent students from Government Junior Secondary School Zing, aged 11 to 15, to participate in the study. A body composition monitor device, a stature metre for height, and a flexible tape metre were utilised in this study to investigate the effect of group-based jogging on centripetal fat and anthropometric index in adolescent students. All of the adolescent students chosen satisfied the study's inclusion requirements and were all assigned to group-based jogging at the baseline of pretest values. The exercise programme lasted between 38 and 44 minutes and ended with a cooldown session. All the exercise sessions were conducted between the hours of 4:30 p.m. and 5:45 p.m. on alternate days; Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for eight (8) consecutive weeks. The intensity of the training was maintained between 40 and 45% of the estimated Heart Rate maximum for 2 weeks and was increased as the training progressed to 45–55% of the estimated Heart Rate maximum after 3–8 weeks of the exercise. The collected data were analysed using the statistical package SPSS version 20, and the student's independent t-test was used at a 0.05 alpha level. The results of the study revealed that group-based jogging had a significant effect on visceral fat (P = 0.000) and waist circumference (P = 0.000). Based on the results of this study, it was therefore concluded that group-based jogging for 8 weeks had a significant effect on the centripetal fat and anthropometric index, thus reducing the visceral fat, and waist circumference, among adolescent students in Zing, Taraba State, Nigeria. It was recommended that the school management should encourage adolescent students to participate in jogging for 30–60 minutes, at least 3 days per week, for the prevention, control, and management of centripetal fat and anthropometric index among adolescent students in Zing, Taraba State, Nigeria.

Abstract

---

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of low-resistance training on percent body fat (%BF) of young-older male adults in Samaru, Zaria. A repeated-measures experimental research design was used for this study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select young-oldermale adults between the ages of 60 and 69 years, who volunteered to participate in this study. The training intensity was maintained between 25 and 45% of one repetition maximum (1RM) on percent body fat. The training programme had two sessions of low-resistance per week for a duration of 12 weeks. Stop watch, stadio meter, resistance machines and body composition analyser machine were used as instruments for this study. The participants trained at 25% of 1RM from base-line to 4th week, at 35% of 1RM from 4th to 8th, and at 45% of 1RM from 8th to 12th week. The %BF was assessed at base-line, at the end of 4th, 8th and 12th week of the training. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and standard error) were calculated while repeatedmeasures analysis of variance and Scheffe's post-hoc test were used to analyse the data obtained at 0.05 level of significance. At the end of the 12 weeks training, the major findings from the study showed significant decrease in %BF (p = 0.000), therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. The Scheffe post-hoc test further showed significant means difference in the decreasing effect on the %BF (p = 0.000) between base-line and 4th week, 4th and 8th week, 8th and 12th week of training. In conclusion, low-resistance training from 25-45% of 1RM reduced%BF of the young-older male adults. It was further recommended that young-older male adults should train more at low-resistance intensity between 25 and 45% of 1RM to reduce percent body fat.

Abstract

---

This study examined the effect of health education on avoiding sharing of sharp object as a strategy for prevention of hepatitis b spread among pregnant women in Yola, Adamawa state - Nigeria. The population for this study comprises of one hundred and forty-three thousand six hundred and eighty-nine (143,689) pregnant women registered in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Out of which one thousand one hundred and ninety-four (1,194) pregnant women was used as a target population from the three (3) selected health facilities. The sample size for this study consisted of sixty (60) pregnant women who were drawn from the target population of pregnant women, thirty (30) experimental group and thirty (30) control group for the purpose of generalization. A multi-stage sampling technique that involved stratify sampling, simple random sampling, proportionate sampling and systematics sampling techniques were used for this study. The instrument used for data collection is researcher developed questionnaire and hepatitis B modules (manual). The questionnaire was score using a 4-point modified Likert scale. Pilot study was conducted to ascertain the reliability of the instrument, a reliability index of 0.919 was obtained which means that the instrument is reliable. Data were collected as pre-test scores, after the intervention another round of questionnaire was re-administered and data were again collected from the two groups (experimental and control). Data collected were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), IBM version 26. Statistical procedures used included frequencies and percentages, means and standard deviation. Inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used in the test of the hypotheses at the fixed probability level of 0.05. Findings revealed that six weeks health education programme has encouraged avoidance of sharing sharp objects among pregnant women in Yola Adamawa State, p- value is > 0.05. Based on the findings, the study recommended that pregnant women in Yola Adamawa State should improve on their behaviour on avoiding sharing sharp object through health education as preventive measures for hepatitis B.

Abstract

---

This study aims to investigate the correlation between hand dominance, body mass index (BMI), and isometric grip strength among undergraduate students in the Human Kinetics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria.A correlational research design was employed, with 25 undergraduate students aged 18 to 23 selected via purposive sampling. Data on hand dominance, BMI, and grip strength were collected using standardised tools and analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. The study found a weak positive correlation between BMI and both dominant and non-dominant hand grip strength. Additionally, a significant difference in grip strength was observed between dominant and non-dominant hands. However, a weak negative correlation was noted between age and grip strength. These findings suggest that higher BMI may be associated with stronger grip strength in both hands among undergraduate students. Moreover, hand dominance significantly influences grip strength. The study underscores the importance of considering these factors when assessing grip strength. However, limitations include the small sample size and the cross-sectional design, warranting caution in generalising the results. Future research should explore these relationships in larger and more diverse populations, employing longitudinal study designs to capture changes over time. Additionally, investigating additional anthropometric variables could provide a more comprehensive understanding of grip strength determinants.

Abstract

---

The purpose of this study was to assess awareness as a determinant of the utilization of covid-19 vaccines among colleges of education academic staff in Northern States, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of the study, one research question and hypothesis were formulated and tested for the study. The research design for this study was ex-post facto research design. The target population for this study comprised 4,947 academic staff of the twelve Colleges of Education in the Northern States of Nigeria. Therefore, the sample for this study consists of 650 academic staff which were selected among colleges of education academic staff in Northern States, Nigeria by using multi-stage sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher-developed closeended questionnaire titled “Assessment of the Determinants of COVID-19 vaccines among the academic staff of Colleges of Education in the Northern States of Nigeria which was validated by five experts in the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Public Health and Nursing Science at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were used to describe the demographic information of the respondents; means and standard deviations to answer the research question, and inferential statistic of one-sample t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study findings revealed that awareness is a significant determinant of COVID-19 vaccine utilisation among academic staff of Colleges of Education in Northern Nigeria (t=105.99, P=000). Based on the findings of the study it was concluded that; awareness was observed to determine the utilization of the COVID-19 vaccine among the academic staff of the College of Education in Northern States, Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that the government should provide more means of enlightenment about COVID-19- vaccines for the academic staff as well as the general public such as more posters, billboards, media houses, such as FM radios state and national televisions etc. to promote awareness.

Abstract

---

This study was designed to determine the relationship between personality traits and emotional intelligence on sports performance of student-athletes in Taraba State University, Jalingo. The design of this study was a correlational study. The target population of the study are Students of Taraba State University, Jalingo for five elected Faculties 400. Convenient sampling technique was used to select five (5) Faculties consisting of 50 registered Student-athletes with the Sports Unit. The total number of student-athletes male (n=30) and female (n=20). The age of the student-athletes participating in the research range from 19 to 28 years. The mean age of the respondents is 21.5. The instrument used for data collection was Sports Personality Traits Questionnaire and Emotional Intelligence Sports Questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, and percentage count to answer the research questions. Spearman's Correlation Coefficient (rho) tested the only hypothesis and used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between personality traits and Emotional Intelligence on Sports Performance of Student-athletes in Taraba State University, Jalingo. The result shows that the hypothesis was rejected since there is a significant relationship between personality traits and Emotional Intelligence on Sports Performance of Student-athletes Taraba State University, Jalingo. It was also recommended that coaches, Sports Psychologist, Athletic trainers should employ the use of personality traits and the Emotional Intelligence of Student-athletes place them on training session.

Abstract

---

The purpose of the study was to assess satisfaction with National Health Insurance Scheme Services among Civil Servants in North Central Zone of Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, the ex-post facto research design was employed, the population for the study consisted of 966,852 Civil Servants who were registered with the National Health Insurance Scheme. A sample size of 398 was drawn from the population using a multistage sampling technique which involving stratified, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. North Central Zone was stratified into three strata to select 3 States from the Zone. Consequently, Kogi, Benue and FCT Abuja were selected. A simple random sampling technique was used to select six (6) Local Government Areas from each of the selected States. Therefore, a total of 18 Local Government Areas were selected and used for the study. Data was collected using close-ended questionnaire. A total of 398 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to Civil Servants who registered with National Health Insurance Scheme using purposive sampling technique, out of which 384 (97.5%) were duly completed and returned for statistical analysis. The completed questionnaire was analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviations to answer the research question and One Sample t-testto test the null hypothesis on satisfaction with National Health Insurance Scheme Services among Civil Servants in North Central Zone of Nigeria. The results revealed that Civil Servants significantly satisfied with the National Health Insurance Scheme services. This is because the calculated t-value of 4.115 was greater than the t-critical value of 1.96 at 0.05 alpha level of significance (p=.0000). Based on the findings of this study, the study concluded that Civil Servants in North Central Zone of Nigeria were satisfied with National Health Insurance Scheme Services. And based on the conclusion drawn, it was recommended that: 1. Government should provide adequate health care services for satisfactory treatment, access and utilization of the National Health Insurance Scheme by the workers in order for them to participatefully in Scheme.

Abstract

---

This study assessed the awareness and availability of UNICEF Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) towards eradicating open defecation among communities in Gombe State, Nigeria.. Specifically, the study assessed the level of awareness of communities about UNICEF WASH activities towards eradication of open defaecation as well as the availability of UNICEF WASH facilities in communities towards eradication of open defaecation. Descriptive survey research design was used. The population for this study was 3,871,179 human habitats of Gombe State Nigeria. The sample size of 783 was selected using multistage sampling procedures of stratified, simple random and proportionate sampling techniques. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire by the researcher. Descriptive statistics of frequency, simple percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data collected. The result revealed that there was significant awareness of UNICEF WASH activities towards the eradication of open defaecation among communities in Gombe State, Nigeria (t = 153.845, p = 0.000); there was no significant availability of UNICEF WASH facilities (t =1.621; p = 0.71). Based on the findings, the study concluded that community members in Gombe State, Nigeria are aware of UNICEF WASH activities towards the eradication of open defaecation; UNICEF WASH facilities towards the eradication of open defaecation are not available and the available ones are not utilized; The study recommends among others the need to enhance the awareness of UNICEF WASH activities for open defaecation eradication among community members and the need to address the factors contributing to non-compliance with UNICEF WASH campaigns against open defaecation which includes improving water supply infrastructure, and rehabilitation and maintenance of latrines to ensure they remain functional and sanitary.

Abstract

---

The study was conducted to assess the awareness, attitude and practice of nonpharmaceutical interventions in prevention of severe acute respiratory tract infections among non-civil servants in the northern Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design method was used. The study has population of 67,140,593 non-civil servants and sample size of 398 were selected through multi-stage sampling procedures consisting of stratified sampling, simple random sampling, proportionate sampling and convenience sampling procedures. The instrument used for the study was researcher structured questionnaire where 398 copies were administered and 389 were retrieved (97.7%). A split-half method was used for pilot test of Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula and 0.599 was obtained. Descriptive analysis of frequency counts and percentages were used to analyze the demographic information of the respondents, mean scores and standard deviation was used to answer research questions while inferential statistics of one sample t-test was used to test the formulated null hypotheses The result revealed that non-civil servants in northern Nigeria have positive attitude towards wearing face mask in public (t=1.97,df:388; P<0.05), hand washing (t=1.97, df:388; P<0.05). Based on the results, the following conclusions were drawn; non-civil servants in northern Nigeria have positive attitudes towards wearing face mask in public, washing hands. Based on the conclusion, it was recommended that government should make non-pharmaceutical interventions of severe acute respiratory tract infection preventive items available and affordable to noncivil servant in northern Nigeria.

Abstract

---

Child malnutrition remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria, particularly in the northwest region. This study investigated the potential link between parental occupation and the nutritional status of primary school children in this area. The researcher hypothesize that parental occupation significantly influences children's nutritional status due to variations in income, food security, and knowledge of healthy dietary practices. The study employed a cross-sectional design that involved primary school children from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. An anthropometric measurement (height, weight) is used to assess nutritional status, categorized as underweight, stunting, or wasting according to WHO guidelines. Parental occupation is categorized based on established classifications (agriculture, skilled labour, formal employment). Data is collected through standardized research instrument administered to parents and anthropometric measurements of children. Statistical analysis is explored potential associations between parental occupation and nutritional status. The study aimed to identify specific occupations associated with increased risk of malnutrition in children. The study established that Mothers' and Fathers' occupations (Civil Servants, trader, self-employed, unemployed, housewife) did not significantly affect nutritional status of primary school children in North-West, Nigeria. The finding contributes to the understanding of socioeconomic factors influencing child nutrition in Nigeria. This knowledge can inform targeted interventions to improve child health outcomes, potentially including parental education programs on nutrition and income-generating initiatives. The occupation of the fathers had similar contribution in the nutritional statuses and their children attending primary schools in the study area. The occupation of the mothers has similar contribution to the nutritional statuses of their children in primary school. The children are compared with WHO standard are Stunted, underweight, normal, overweight and obese .

Abstract

---

The research investigated the effect of glucose levels among obese female students. A one-group repeated measures design was employed, and participants aged 19–25 were purposively selected based on their BMI. Specifically, female students with a BMI ranging from 30.0 to 34.9kg/m2, aged 19 to 25, and students whose glucose levels ranged from 117-137mg/dL [6.5-7.6mmol/L] were included. Data collection utilized a Glucose meter (Accu-Chek, Aviva Plus, Japan), ensuring all selected participants met the inclusion criteria. These students were assigned to a group-based aerobic dance programme with pre-test values at the baseline. The aerobic dance sessions, lasting 30 to 45 minutes with a cool-down, occurred on alternate days (Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) between 4:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. for twelve consecutive weeks. The training intensity ranged from 45-50% of the estimated maximum Heart Rate for the first 4 weeks, increased to 50–55% for weeks 5–8, and further increased to 55–60% from weeks 9-12 of the aerobic dance protocol. One-way ANOVA was used as the statistical analysis of the collected data, using SPSS version 20 and the independent t-test at a 0.05 alpha level, indicated significant effects of glucose level (P = 0.001). The study concluded that a 12- week aerobic dance programme had a significant effect on the glucose levels of obese female students. Recommendations included encouraging obese female students to engage in regular physical activities, particularly aerobic dance, to mitigate cardiovascular disease risks associated with obesity. Additionally, there was a suggestion for increased awareness and a shift from sedentary lifestyles to an exercise-oriented attitude among obese female students.

Abstract

---

The purpose of this study was to assess co-morbidity diagnosis and the utilization of assisted reproductive technology services among infertile couples in North Central Zone of Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, one (1) research question and one (1) hypothesis was developed. The ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population of the study was two million, nine hundred and fifteen thousand, seven hundred and twenty nine (2,915,729) infertile couples in North Central Zone of Nigeria. To obtain adequate data for representation, a sample size of seven hundred and sixty eight (768) respondents comprising of males and females was drawn from the target population representing 4% of the target population. Stratified sampling technique, simple random sampling technique, purposive sampling technique and proportionate sampling technique were adopted to have proper representation of respondents for the study. A validated questionnaire of 4 point modified Likert scale of Strongly Agreed (SA), Agreed (A), Disagreed (D) and Strongly Disagreed (SD) was used as instrument to elicit information from the selected respondents. The questionnaire consisted of Section A and B. Spearman Brown Rank Order (SBRO) and Gutman Split Half method were used to determine the reliability of the instrument. 0.801 and 0.789 reliability coefficient was obtained respectively. A total of seven hundred and sixty eight copies of the questionnaire were randomly distributed among infertile couples in North Central Zone of Nigeria for data collection out of which seven hundred and fifty one (751;97.4%) were duly completed and used for analysis. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and simple percentages were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question, and an inferential statistics of one sample t-test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The results revealed that co-morbidity diagnosis significantly determine the utilization of Assisted Reproductive Technology services among infertile couples in North Central Zone of Nigeria (t=52.212; p=0.000). Based on the finding of the study, it was concluded that co-morbidity diagnosis is determinant for the utilization of Assisted Reproductive Technology services among infertile couples in North Central Zone of Nigeria. Based on the conclusion drawn, it was recommended that reproductive health technology experts should initiate collaborative efforts that bring the innovation and development of new treatment procedures to public knowledge, in order to disabuse the minds of people of the assumed notion that infertile couples with malformation infections and other reproductive health concerns such as tubal factor infertility cannot conceive and give birth in their lives. This will go a long way to reduce the burden of infertility treatment on couples seeking ART treatment.

Abstract

---

This study assessed knowledge of hazardous medical waste disposal among primary healthcare workers in Plateau state, Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, ex-post facto research design was used. A total sample of 300 healthcare workers was used for the study. The instrument used for the study was researcher developed close ended questionnaire. Out of the 300 copies of questionnaire distributed, 297 or 99.0% were retrieved and considered valid for analyses. Inferential statistics of one sample t-test was used to analyse the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 probability level. The results revealed that the knowledge of primary healthcare workers on hazardous medical waste disposal in Plateau state is significantly positive (p=0.000). Based on the results, it was concluded that primary healthcare workers in Plateau state have knowledge about hazardous medical waste disposal. Based on the conclusion, it was recommended that health educators should carry out sensitization campaigns targeted at healthcare workers through refresher trainings and mass campaigns to further enlighten healthcare workers on medical waste disposal so as to further sustain the existing knowledge of medical waste disposal among the healthcare workers in the state.

Abstract

---

This study examined the effect of aerobic dance exercise as medicine on the aerobic capacity (VO max) of overweight young girls in Benue State University, Makurdi, using a 2 pretest-posttest control group, thirty-seven (37) participants were randomly assigned into either control group (n=19) or experimental group (n=18). The experimental group performed aerobic dance training three (3) times in a week for eight (8) weeks at moderate – high intensity levels while the control group did not take any form of training. VO max 2 was measured before and after the aerobic dance exercise using Cooper 12-minute run/walk test. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation to describe the physical characteristics of participants while the hypothesis was tested using student's independent t-test at significant level of 0.05,the data were analysed through statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 25. The results of this study revealed that eight (8) weeks of aerobic dance had a significant increase(p = 0.001) on VO max of overweight young girls in Makurdi. 2 Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that participation in eight (8) weeks of aerobic dance significantly improved the aerobic capacity of overweight young girls in Makurdi, Nigeria and recommended that, overweight girls should regularly engage in aerobic dance to increase their aerobic capacity.

Abstract

---

The study assessed the Attitude towards health seeking behaviour among the aged in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used for the study, the population of the study comprised all aged population in Kaduna state, totaling 255,834 with 663 sample size population. The researcher employed multi-stage sampling procedure which includes; stratified simple random and proportionate sampling procedure to select the respondents. The instrument used for data collection was researcher developed questionnaire. One sample t-test was used to test the hypothesis on the attitude towards health seeking behaviour at 0.05 level of significance. The study found that there was significant attitude towards health seeking behaviour among the aged in Kaduna State (p=0.000). The researcher concluded that the aged population possessed positive attitude towards health seeking behavior in Kaduna state. It is recommended that it is important to further cultivate and reinforce positive attitude towards seeking healthcare when needed. Strategies such as community engagement initiatives, peer support networks, and campaigns highlighting the benefits of early intervention and regular check-ups could help foster a more proactive approach to healthcare among the elderly in the region.

Abstract

---

This study investigated the effect of core stability training on physical work capacity of pupils with special needs in the school for the handicapped Oyo, Oyo State with seven hypotheses. Simple randomised pre-test post-test control experimental research design of 2×2×2 factorial matrix was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to get the 52 participants of which (n=32) pupils with special needs (ID) (n=17) were males and (n=15) females were assigned into experimental and (=20) normal pupils of which (=11) males and (n=9) females were assigned into control groups, while intervention lasted for 8 weeks. Age and gender were examined as the moderating effects, while control group received nutrition as placebo. Fore-arm prone plank, bird-dog, side plank, bicycle crunches and leg raises were used as core stability training. Instruments used were Hand Dynamometer, stop-watch, mats, stadiometer, and portable bathroom weighing scale and floor. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at 0.05 level of significance. Treatment group had the highest mean score (mean=18.340) followed by control group with (mean=15.055) on muscular strength, while controlled group had the highest mean score (mean=6.598) followed by treatment group with (mean=5.45) on balance. There were very large significant main effects on muscular strength ms (F = 39.129, p<.05, ç2=44.4%); balance (F = 6.811, p<.05, ç2=12.2%); interaction effect of treatment and age on balance (F = 5.812, p<.05, ç2=11.0%) and interaction effect between treatment, age and gender on balance (F= 4.073, p<.05, ç2=8.7%). There were no significant main effects of gender on muscular strength; age on balance and gender on balance; interaction effect of treatment and age on muscular strength (F = 0.287, p>.05, ç2=0.6%); interaction effect between treatment, age and gender on muscular strength (F= 0.137, p>.05, ç2=0.3%); interaction effect of age and gender on balance (F= 0.501, p>.05, ç2=1.1%); interaction effect of treatment and gender on balance (F = .250, p>.05, ç2=0.5%). It was recommended that Core stability training should as well be prescribed to people with special needs (intellectual disability) as home activity to increase level of participation in societies based children or people with cerebral palsy or contractures.

Abstract

---

This study assessed student's knowledge on school based drug abuse preventive measures in senior secondary schools in Jigawa State. To achieve the purpose of this study, one (1) research questions was raised and answered. One hypothesis were formulated and tested. Descriptive design of survey type was adapted for the study. The population of this study comprised all senior secondary schools students in Jigawa Central Senatorial Zone with a population of 98095 students. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 400 senior secondary school students as the sample for the study. The instrument used to collect data was a researcher developed questionnaire of four point of likert formal rating scale. Four hundred (400) copies of questionnaires were distributed by the researcher and research assistants and were duly completed, returned and used for analysis of data. Frequency count and percentage were used to organized and described demographic information of the respondents; t-test was used to test the hypothesis at 0.005 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that Senior Secondary Schools students have knowledge school based drug preventive measures (225.617 at df=329,p<0.05). It was concluded based on items by items analysis that Jigawa State Senior Secondary School Students have school based drug abuse preventive measures. It was therefore recommended that school management should maintain programmes such as debate, drama, quize on educating the students on drug abuse preventive measures.

Abstract

---

In an effort to spur patronage by fans, there are proliferation of new stadia built and renovated in and round the country as venues for the Nigeria Professional Football league, yet the league is suffering from poor turnout at the stadia in some places. Some match venues/stadia and clubs play with open gates or free tickets to attract fans to their home matches and yet, there is poor turnout of fans to watch the league in the stadia. The poor stadia turnout by fans is not because of the Government's and sports bodies' directives for clubs to play behind closed doors as the result of COVID-19 pandemic in the country. This study was designed to assess the fans' satisfaction with the Nigeria Professional Football League whether facilities provided in the Nigeria Professional Football League is satisfactory to the fans. The population of Nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight (9,998) fans of the twenty (20) Nigeria Professional Football Clubs under the umbrella of the Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL) in Nigeria was used for this study. It was therefore hypothesized that there would be no significant satisfaction derived by fans from the facilities provided in the Nigeria Professional Football League. The results of the findings revealed that there was significant satisfaction derived by fans from the facilities provided in the Nigeria Professional Football League, In conclusion, fans derived significant satisfaction from the facilities provided in the Nigeria Professional Football League. It was recommended that there is need to consider satisfaction derived by fans from the facilities provided in the Nigeria Professional Football League.

Abstract

---

The research investigated the impact of aerobic dance on systolic and diastolic blood pressure among obese female students at the University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. A one-group pre-test/post-test design was employed, and participants aged 19–25 were purposively selected based on their BMI. Specifically, female students with a BMI ranging from 30.0 to 34.9kg/m2, aged 19 to 25, and having blood pressure between 130-139mmHg/80-89mmHg were included. Data collection utilized an automatic digital blood pressure monitor, ensuring all selected participants met the inclusion criteria. These students were assigned to a group-based aerobic dance programme with pre-test values as the baseline. The aerobic dance sessions, lasting 30 to 45 minutes with a cool-down, occurred on alternate days (Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays) between 4:30 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. for twelve consecutive weeks. The training intensity ranged from 45-50% of the estimated maximum Heart Rate for the first 4 weeks, increased to 50–55% for weeks 5–8, and further increased to 55–60% from weeks 9-12 of the aerobic dance protocol. Statistical analysis of the collected data, using SPSS version 20 and the independent t-test at a 0.05 alpha level, indicated significant effects of aerobic dance on both systolic (P = 0.000) and diastolic (P = 0.000) blood pressure. The study concluded that a 12-week aerobic dance programme had a noteworthy impact on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of obese female students at the University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Recommendations included encouraging obese female students to engage in regular physical activities, particularly aerobic dance, to mitigate cardiovascular disease risks associated with obesity. Additionally, there was a suggestion for increased awareness and a shift from sedentary lifestyles to an exercise-oriented attitude among obese female students at the University of Calabar.

Abstract

---

This study investigated the effect of Polya's problem solving model on performance in algebraic word problem among secondary school students in Minna, Niger state, Nigeria. The study adopted Quasi experimental control group design involving pre-test and posttest. The population comprised of SS11 mathematics students of public secondary schools from two local government areas in Minna metropolis. The sample of the study comprised of two hundred and forty (240) SS11 students from four schools randomly selected from Bosso and Chanchaga local government areas, Minna. Algebraic word performance test (AWPT) was the instrument used to measure the learners' performance. The instrument was validated by experts from Departments of Science Education, Guidance and Psychology and experienced secondary school mathematics teachers. After pilot testing, the reliability coefficient was 0.69. It was determined using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) after test-retest was applied. Two schools were used for experimental group while the other two schools were used as control. The experimental group was taught using Polya's problem-solving model (PPSM) while the control group was taught using the conventional method. Two research questions were raised and answered, and two null hypotheses were tested. Descriptive statistics of mean, and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while independent ttest was the statistical tool used for testing the hypotheses at 0.05 confidence level. The result revealed that: significant difference exists between the mean performance scores of the students in the experimental group and those in the control group. Significant difference does not exist between the mean performance of male and female students. Male students performed better than female students in the experimental and control group. Based on these findings, it was concluded that Polya problem solving model enhanced the performance of the students in secondary school. The researcher recommends that Polya's problem- solving model should be used to help secondary school learners learn algebra effectively. Secondly, workshops and seminars should be organized to train teachers on how to teach algebraic word problem using Polya's problem-solving model.

Abstract

---

Safety is the act of being free from danger and prevention of accident and property damage which may result from any unforeseen circumstances. On the other hand first aid is the immediate care given to any person who sustained either a minor or serious illness or injury in order to save life, prevent permanent impairment and to promote recovery. In this study, introduction; objectives of safety and first aid in basic schools; basics for safety and first aid; safety measures in basic schools; first aid in basic schools; importance of safety and first aid in basic schools; common emergency conditions in basic schools; requirements of first aid kit; the role of teacher in safety and first aid were discussed. It was concluded that all safety measures should be observed and all first aid requirements are provided in basic schools in order to maintain conducive atmosphere for effective teaching and learning processes. Provision of safety and first aid care by teachers also reduces unnecessary expenditure and cost healthcare services in basic schools. and recommended among others that school health services need to be fully equipped by providing first aid kits in schools along with separate sick bays to handle medical emergencies.

Abstract

---

The study assessed the knowledge and attitude towards cholera prevention among male and female adults of Zamfara State, Nigeria. One research question and one hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. The ex-post facto research design was used for the study. The population of this study comprised of adults male and female in Zamfara State whose population by gender is 1,069,751 adult male and 2,139,503 adult female, hence, a total population of 3,209,254. Three hundred and ninety nine (399) respondents were selected using proportionate sampling technique. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data for the research. The data collected were analyzed using independent sample t-test. The findings of the study revealed that there is significant difference in the male and female adults, knowledge of cholera prevention in Zamfara State; There is significant difference in the male and female adults attitude towards cholera prevention in Zamfara State, The study concludes that adult Males have adequate knowledge on cholera prevention than adult Female in Zamfara State, adult Females have a positive attitude towards cholera prevention than adult male in Zamfara State. The study recommended among others that Seminars and workshop should be organized for adult male and female to create more awareness of cholera prevention to improve their knowledge with emphasis placed on female adult. Adult male and female should be encouraged by government and Health personnel to improve in their attitude towards cholera prevention with emphasis placed on male adult and female should improve in participation in sanitation to prevent a cholera outbreak.

Abstract

---

The study was conducted to assess the effect of step aerobics on skeletal muscle mass of obese female nurses in Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, Bauchi State. To achieve this purpose, hypothesis was postulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. A pretest and posttest experimental design was used for the study. The population of the study comprised of sixty-two (62) female nurses in Specialist Hospital Bauchi. A sample size of 20 obese female nurses were drawn from the population using purposive sampling technique. The participants were exposed to 12 weeks' step aerobics, on 3 alternate days per week, the training programme lasted 30minutes for the 1th - 4 thweek, increased to 35 minutes 5 th - 8th and 40 minutes in last four weeks at 45% - 60% of HRmax. Omron (BF511) body composition monitor was used to assess the participants. The collected data was analyzed using student t-test. The result of this study revealed that step aerobics step aerobics had significant effect on resting metabolic rate (p = 0.000) of female nurses in Specialist Hospital Bauchi. On the basis of the result of this study, it was concluded that Step aerobics had positive impact on resting metabolic rate of obese female nurses in Specialist Hospital Bauchi, Bauchi State. Obese female nurses should be enlightened through public lectures by exercise and sport science specialist on the need to perform regular step aerobics to burn down excess body fat. Based on the finding of the study the researchers recommended that obase female nurse should be enlightened through public lecture by exercise and sport science specialist on the need to perform regular step aerobics to improve their resting metabolic rate.

Abstract

---

The purpose of this study was to assess Nigeria`s Professional athletes plans for sustainability of life after retirement. To achieve this purpose, two (2) purpose of the study, research questions and research hypotheses were stated for this study.Survey research design was used for this study. The population of this study consists of 644 professional athletes of Handball, Basketball and volleyball in Nigeria in the purposively selected states. Purposive sampling technique was used to select one (1) state each from the Six (6) Geo-political Zones in Nigeria consisting of Edo State (South South), Imo State (South East), Lagos State (South West), Yobe State (North East), Kaduna State (North West) and FCT Abuja (North Central). These states were selected because they had professional athletes who had retired over the years and are likely to face the challenges of life after retirement. Due to the smaller number of the population of six hundred and forty-four (644) professional athletes, which consists of Handball, Basketball and Volleyball athletes, the researcher used all the population as sample for this study. The instrument for data collection in this study is a researcher`s self developed questionnaire. The self developed questionnaire consists of seven (7) sections A, B, C, D, E, F and G. For the purpose of establishing content and face validity of the instrument, the instrument developed was given to jurors in the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria for vetting. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentage to analyze the demographic characteristics of the respondents, mean and Standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while Chi-Square statistics was used to test the research hypotheses due to the ordinal nature of the data at 0.05 level of significance. The results of the study revealed that savings is not a significant determinant of sustainability of life after retirement, among Nigeria professional athletes. Reasons being that the chi square calculated, P-value of 0.440 is greater than the 0.05 alpha level of significance and the chi square (2) Cal. value of 30.502 is lower than the chi square critical value of 31.41 at df 20. Therefore it was hereby retained. Results for investment showed that investments is a significant determinant of the sustainability of life after retirement, among Nigeria professional athletes. Reasons being that the chi-square calculated with P-value of 0.662 is higher than the 0.05 alpha level of significance and the computed chi square value of 13.744 is lower than the chi-square critical value of 31.41 at df 20. Therefore the result is hereby retained. The researcher concludes that the level of savings towards retirement, investment and capability to invest of the professional athletes are very low and therefore cannot significantly affect their sustainability of life after retirement. The study recommends that savings level of the professional athletes in Nigeria is very low and therefore very important that their salaries and remunerations be considerably increased and promptly paid to allow them make some savings towards retirement plans and the investments level of the athletes is very low as most do not have any investment and therefore be advised to invest in shares and stocks for their retirement.