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The study was carried out to assess the impact of Role Ambiguity of board members on the development of National Sports Federations in Nigeria. A Survey research design was used to carry out the study. The population of the study comprised forty two (42) registered National Sports Federations in Nigeria. The population of the study was six hundred and thirty (630). Purposive and simple random sampling was used to select the one hundred and forty seven (147) respondents used in the study. The instrument used was self-developed questionnaire prepared based on Likert 5 point scale of measurement: SA (Strongly Agree), A(Agreed), U (Undecided) D (Disagreed) and SD (Strongly Disagree) the items were coded 5,4,3,2 and 1 respectively. The instrument used was subject to Pilot testing, in order to examine its reliability. Data collected was analysed using Cronbach's Alpha, the result shows that the instrument has a coefficient of 0.748. Frequencies and percentages was used to analyse the demographic characteristic of respondents. Means and Standard deviation for research questions and chi – Square test of hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there is significant impact of role ambiguity of board members on the development of National sports Federation in Nigeria. (p = 0.000 < 0.05). There is significant impact of role ambiguity among executive members of sports Federations on the development of sports in Nigeria. (p = 0.000 <0.05). The study, recommends that National Sports Federation's Board members must recognize that role ambiguity arises when there is lack of clarity regarding assigned jobs, responsibilities, expectations or the scope of the assigned roles. To prevent decreased job performance, confusion and reduced productivity, it is crucial to clearly define tasks for board members ensuring better productivity and effectiveness.

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Climate change presents a growing threat to public health, particularly through its impact on infectious diseases. As global temperatures rise, patterns of disease transmission are shifting, creating new challenges for public health systems worldwide. This review examines the intersection of climate change, infectious diseases, and public health preparedness, proposing strategies for building resilience against these threats. By synthesizing peer-reviewed literature and current research, this paper highlights key vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies to enhance public health preparedness in the face of climate change.

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This study investigated the effects of a structured 12-week jogging programme on skillrelated physical fitness components (power, agility, and speed) among senior secondary school students in Safana Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria. Using a randomised controlled trial design, 50 participants aged 15-21 years were purposively selected from 569 students across two schools: Community Day Secondary School (experimental group, n=25) and Government Pilot Secondary School (control group, n=25). The experimental group participated in structured jogging while the control group maintained regular activities. Outcome measures included vertical jump test for power, Illinois agility run test for agility, and 30-meter sprint test for speed. Data analysis using ANCOVA at α = 0.05 revealed significant improvements favouring the experimental group: power (F(1,49) = 12.92, p = 0.001, partial η² = 0.216), agility (F(1,49) = 16.08, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.262), and speed (F(1,49) = 50.48, p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.528). Posttest means favoured the experimental group in power (37.92 ± 6.71 vs. 31.36 ± 6.10 cm), agility (17.96 ± 1.25 vs. 18.92 ± 1.72 s), and speed (4.24 ± 0.16 vs. 5.41 ± 0.83 s). The study concludes that structured jogging interventions significantly enhance skill-related physical fitness components in Nigerian secondary school students, with speed demonstrating the most pronounced improvement. The study recommends integrating structured jogging programmes into school curricula, training physical education teachers in programme design and monitoring, and conducting longitudinal research to assess long-term sustainability and academic performance relationships.

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This study investigated the impact of systematic desensitization and rational emotive behavour Techniques in the management of competitive anxiety among football players in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. Three groups of players consisting of Control, Experimental I (Rational emotive technique) and Experimental II (Systematic Desensitization) were selected. The average age of players involved in the was 25.34 with a standard deviation of 5.235 years. The experimental group A were exposed to use of systematic desensitization treatment, while experimental group B was treated with Rational emotive behaviour technique. The control group was not exposed to either of the behaviour management techniques. The instruments used was adapted from Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) by Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump and Smith (1990). Measured opinions were based on a four-point scale with a midpoint of 2.50 as the benchmark. Data collected were analysed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), IBM version 26. Statistics used included descriptive statistics of means and standard deviations. Result revealed that systematic desensitization and rational emotive for behavour management techniques could significantly reduce competitive anxiety among football players. The study did not find such behavioural adjustment among players in the control group who were not expose to either of the behavour management techniques. It is therefore recommended that either systematic desensitization and rational emotive techniques could always be used to build players confidence before major competitions in the state.

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This study was conducted to assess the effect of jogging on body mass index of female adults with body image problem in Chindit Cantonment, Zaria, Nigeria. The anthropometric measurement collected was Body Mass Index (BMI) among female adults. Atotal of 40 female adults with mean age of 25.6 and BMI between 25.0 – 229.9kg/m who served as sample for this study were randomly assigned into posttest (n=20) and pretest group (n=20), the posttest group went through training programme on three alternate days a week for 8 weeks. Jogging duration and intensities were increased at three weeks interval from 25, 30 to 40 minutes at 40%, 60% and 70% HRmax. The data were subjective to descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyse the data. Decisions to reject or retain the null hypotheses were at 0.05 alpha levels. The results of the study showed significant reduction of BMI from the baseline value to the eighth week of training (p=0.001). The study found significant effect of the training program on BMI and recommends the role of optimizing the efficiency of body image, jogging for eight weeks, thrice per week at moderate to high intensity levels cannot be overemphasized as it positively altered body mass index (BMI) of female adults in Chindit Cantonment Zaria.

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Drug abuse among college students poses significant challenges not only to public health but also to their economic well-being. This study investigated the impact of an eight-week health education intervention aimed at reducing substance abuse and its subsequent effects on students' economic outcomes at the University of Maiduguri. While previous research indicated that substance use prevention programmes can decrease drug consumption, their influence on immediate economic factors such as academic performance, attendance, and earning potential remains uncertain. Using a repeated measures design, data collected at baseline, mid-intervention (week 4), and postintervention (week 8) from 28 male students revealed significant improvements in economic well-being (F(2, 76) = 8.632, p < 0.01). Specifically, the mean economic scores increased from 45.2 at baseline to 48.4 at week 4, and further to 50.7 at week 8, representing a 12.2% overall increase. Post hoc analysis confirmed that these gains were statistically significant, particularly between weeks 1 and 8 (p = 0.001). These findings suggest that targeted health education programmes can contribute to short-term economic benefits by improving academic engagement and reducing substance-related disruptions, thereby enhancing students' future earning potential and financial resilience. The study underscores the importance of integrating health education with broader economic support strategies to maximize benefits for students and educational institutions alike.

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Knowledge and Practice of Covid 19 Preventive measures among Primary Health Care workers of Kano State State. Three numbers of research questions were raised and Three numbers of sub hypotheses were tested. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all primary health care workers in Kano state which was estimated to be 20900 out of which 387 participants were used as sample of the study. Simple random sampling procedures were used to select participants from various institutions. A researcher developed a questionnaire that was used as an instrument for data collection. Online copies of questionnaires were administered by the researcher with the help of five numbers of research assistants sharing the link to various WhatsApp flatform. Frequency count and percentage was used to organise and describe the demographic information of the participants, while Chi square method will be used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The result reveals that there issignificant knowledge and practice of covid 19 preventative measures among workers of primary health care in Kano state.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the Effect of Rope Skipping on waist to hip ratio (WHR) Among Male Students of Demonstration Secondary School, FCE, Zaria, Kaduna State''. 25 selected participants undergoing a secondary education at Demonstration Secondary School Federal College of Education Zaria, Kaduna State were used for the study. They were 12 to 15 years old. All the participants selected satisfied the inclusion criteria and participated in rope skipping for 8 weeks. Data was taken at the baseline (0- th week), 4 -week, and 8-week. The exercise session was conducted between the hours of 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at the statistically significant level P<0.05. The results of the study revealed that rope skipping significantly reduced Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), at (P=.001 < 0.05) of male students of Demonstration Secondary School FCE Zaria. Based on these results, it was concluded that 8-week rope skipping had a significant effect in reducing waist to hip ratio of male students of Demonstration Secondary School FCE Zaria that were involved in the exercise. In conclusion, the study recommended that rope skipping exercise should be used as an alternative method in reducing Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of male students of Demonstration Secondary School FCE Zaria.

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This study assess the community based organizations on provision and sensitization towards childhood diseases prevention among mothers of under-five children in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Two (2) research questions and two (2) hypotheses were developed and tested in this study. Descriptive design of survey type was used for this study. The population of the study area was 9,032,200, mothers of under-five children in Kaduna State. Multistage sampling technique was used in this study to select a sample of 400 respondents from 23 Local Government of Kaduna State. Multi-stage sampling procedure selection of the respondents as follows: Stage 1: Cluster sampling technique was used to adopt the three (3) existing senatorial zones namely: Kaduna central, Kaduna north and Kaduna south. Stage 2: Simple random sampling technique was used to select 3LGAs from 7 LGAs of Kaduna central, 3 LGAs from 8 LGAs of Kaduna north and 3 LGAs from 8 LGAs of Kaduna South. The researchers used self-developed questionnaire to collect data for the study. Descriptive statistic of frequency count and percentage were used to organize and describe the demographic information of the respondents and chisquare was used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. “The findings of the study revealed that, Community Based-Organization provided roles toward childhood killer diseases disease prevention. through provision of immunization services 2 2 (x =67.368, df=1,P <0.5 ); sensitization of immunization services (x =194.695, df=1,P <0.5 ). Based on the finding of the study, it was concluded that: CBOs contribute in the provision of immunization services in the prevention of childhood diseases in Kaduna State. CBOs contribute in the sensitization on immunization services in the prevention of childhood diseases in Kaduna State.Recommendations, based on the finding of the study, it was recommended that: Government, non-governmental organizations and communityshould encourage CBOs to improve their services on provision of immunization services towards prevention of childhood diseases in Kaduna State. Government, nongovernmental organizations and community should encourage CBOs to improve their services on sensitization of immunization services towards prevention of childhood diseases in Kaduna State.

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This study was conducted to determine the relationship between student-athletes team cohesion and sports performance in Universities in the North - East Zone Nigeria. Two objectives were set which leads to formulating research questions. The design of the study was correlational design. Similarly, a null hypothesis was tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The population for the study comprised 13 Universities in the North - East Zone Nigeria, 1170 student-athletes. A convenience sampling technique was used to select 3 Federal Universities and 270 student-athletes out of which 162 were males and 108 were females . Purposive sampling technique was used to select the three (3) Universities (Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Modibbo Adama University Yola, and University of Maiduguri). The instruments used to collect data were Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) has 24 items which was adopted from Manning (2008), with the response mode of Not at all=1; Confidence=2; and Extreme Confidence= 3, and Sports Performance Questionnaire (SPQ) which used four points Likert scale response mode of Strongly Agree=4 points; Agree=3 points; Disagree=2 points; and Strongly Disagree= 1 point. The reliability of the instruments were .83 and .75 respectively. Descriptive statistics of mean and Standard deviation was used to answer the two research questions. Inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ( r ) was used. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient ( r ) tested the only hypothesis at 0.05 level of significant. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between student-athletes' team cohesion and sports performance, which showed that students - athletes were related to sport performance. Based on the findings the following recommendations were drawn that Coaches should help train student -athletes develop a high sense of team cohesion especially during training sessions and sports competition. Moreso the study recommends that States Directors of Sports should liars with the Mobile Network Providers in their domain to help sponsor sports competitions in their variousstates. Based on the findings of the study it was concluded that student-athletes demonstrated positive team cohesion which apparently facilitated their performances.